Contoh teks eksplanasi (Explanation Text) Dan Soal Latihan Berbasis HOTS (Higher-Order Thinking Skills)

 

Explanation Text 1 :

How to Make Tempe Mendoan

Tempe mendoan is a popular traditional snack from Central Java, Indonesia, known for its soft texture and savory taste. The name "mendoan" comes from the Javanese word "mendo" which means half-cooked, referring to the way it's briefly fried. Here's how you can make this delightful treat at home.

 

Explanation Text: How to Make Tempe Mendoan

Tempe mendoan, a popular Indonesian snack, is a true culinary delight, celebrated for its unique texture and rich flavor. Unlike other fried tempe dishes that are crispy, mendoan is intentionally cooked only until it's soft and limp. This distinctive characteristic is what makes it so special.

The process of making tempe mendoan begins with preparing the main ingredient: tempe. The tempe is sliced very thinly and then coated in a special batter. This batter is the heart of the dish, typically a mix of rice flour and all-purpose flour to achieve a light, pliable texture. Spices such as coriander, garlic, and turmeric are finely ground and mixed into the batter, giving it a vibrant yellow color and an aromatic, savory flavor. The key to a good mendoan batter is its consistency—it should be thin enough to coat the tempe without becoming too thick or heavy.

Next, the coated tempe slices are carefully placed into a pan with a generous amount of hot oil. However, unlike deep-frying, the tempe is fried very quickly, often for just a minute or two on each side. The goal is to cook the batter just enough for it to set, leaving the tempe inside still soft. This is where the name "mendoan" truly comes to life. The frying process is a delicate balance of heat and timing, as overcooking would turn it into a crispy snack, losing its signature quality. The half-cooked nature of mendoan gives it a tender, melt-in-your-mouth feel that is perfect with its spicy soy-based dipping sauce.

Finally, the mendoan is served hot, fresh from the pan. It is traditionally accompanied by a spicy dipping sauce made from sweet soy sauce, chopped chilies, and shallots. The contrast between the warm, soft tempe and the tangy, spicy sauce creates a harmonious blend of flavors. The simplicity and speed of its preparation, combined with its unique taste, explain why tempe mendoan has become a beloved snack throughout Indonesia.

 

HOTs Questions and Answers

1.        Based on the text, what is the most significant factor that distinguishes tempe mendoan from other fried tempe dishes?

a. The use of sweet soy sauce as a dipping sauce.

b. The specific type of flour used in the batter.

c. The intentionally brief frying time, which results in a soft texture.

d. The addition of turmeric and coriander in the batter.

e. The traditional way it is served, hot and fresh.

 

Jawaban    : c. The intentionally brief frying time, which results in a soft texture.

Penjelasan : Pertanyaan ini meminta Anda untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan informasi. Poin utama yang membedakan tempe mendoan dari tempe goreng lainnya adalah proses penggorengannya yang sengaja dibuat "setengah matang" (half-cooked) untuk mempertahankan tekstur lembutnya, seperti yang dijelaskan dalam teks. Pilihan lain adalah detail pendukung, bukan faktor pembeda utama.

 

2.        The author mentions the batter's consistency should be "thin enough to coat the tempe without becoming too thick or heavy." Infer the most likely consequence if the batter were too thick.

a. The tempe would not absorb the spices properly.

b. The final product would be crispy and lose its "mendoan" quality.

c. The cooking time would be significantly reduced.

d. The dipping sauce would not complement the dish.

e. The tempe would become too soft and break apart.

 

Jawaban    : b. The final product would be crispy and lose its "mendoan" quality.

Penjelasan : Ini adalah soal inferensi. Jika adonan terlalu tebal, akan membutuhkan waktu lebih lama untuk matang. Proses memasak yang lebih lama ini akan membuat tempe menjadi lebih renyah, bertentangan dengan karakteristik utama mendoan yang lembut.

 

3.        The text explains that the name "mendoan" comes from the Javanese word "mendo." Which of the following best reflects the cause-and-effect relationship described in the text?

a. The use of a special batter causes the dish to be named "mendoan."

b. The dish is named "mendoan" because its half-cooked state reflects the meaning of "mendo."

c. The savory flavor of the dish is the effect of using "mendo" tempe.

d. The quick frying process is the effect of using a thin batter.

e. The popularity of the dish is the effect of its unique name.

 

Jawaban    : b. The dish is named "mendoan" because its half-cooked state reflects the meaning of "mendo."

Penjelasan : Pertanyaan ini menguji pemahaman Anda tentang hubungan sebab-akibat. Nama "mendoan" adalah akibat dari cara memasak tempe yang setengah matang ("mendo"), bukan sebaliknya. Pilihan ini secara langsung menghubungkan nama dengan prosesnya, seperti yang dijelaskan dalam teks.

 

4.        Why is the frying process for tempe mendoan described as a "delicate balance of heat and timing"?

a. To ensure the tempe slices don't stick to each other.

b. To prevent the tempe from absorbing too much oil.

c. To achieve the perfect level of crispiness.

d. To cook the batter without making the tempe crispy.

e. To make sure the dish is served hot.

 

Jawaban    : d. To cook the batter without making the tempe crispy.

Penjelasan : Ini adalah soal pemahaman mendalam. Frasa "delicate balance" merujuk pada perlunya kontrol yang hati-hati dalam menggoreng. Tujuannya adalah untuk mematangkan adonan luar, tetapi menghentikan proses sebelum tempe menjadi renyah. Ini menunjukkan keseimbangan yang diperlukan untuk mempertahankan tekstur lembut yang khas.

 

5.        Which of the following scenarios would most likely disrupt the "harmonious blend of flavors" mentioned in the text?

a. Serving the tempe mendoan without the spicy dipping sauce.

b. Using a different type of flour for the batter.

c. Serving the mendoan when it's no longer hot.

d. Slicing the tempe thicker than recommended.

e. Frying the tempe for a slightly longer time.

 

Jawaban    : a. Serving the tempe mendoan without the spicy dipping sauce.

Penjelasan : Soal ini menguji kemampuan Anda untuk menganalisis elemen-elemen kunci dalam teks. Teks secara eksplisit menyatakan bahwa "contrast between the warm, soft tempe and the tangy, spicy sauce creates a harmonious blend of flavors." Oleh karena itu, menghilangkan saus akan menghilangkan kontras yang menciptakan harmoni tersebut, paling signifikan merusak pengalaman rasa yang dijelaskan.

 

Explanation Text 2.:  The Process of Studying Abroad

Studying abroad is an experience that goes far beyond academic pursuits. It’s a journey of personal growth, cultural immersion, and career enhancement. The process, while daunting, can be navigated successfully with careful planning and a clear understanding of each step.

 

Explanation Text: The Process of Studying Abroad

Studying abroad is a transformative journey, offering students an unparalleled opportunity to broaden their horizons both academically and personally. While the prospect of living and learning in a foreign country is exciting, the process involves a series of complex and interconnected steps that require meticulous planning and preparation.

The initial stage of this process is research and selection. Prospective students must first determine their academic goals, financial capacity, and preferred location. This involves researching various universities, their program offerings, admission requirements, and tuition fees. It's also crucial to consider the cost of living and scholarship opportunities. The choice of country and university will shape the rest of the application process, so it's a decision that must be made with great care.

Following the selection phase, students must move on to the application process. This is often the most demanding part. Applications typically require a variety of documents, including academic transcripts, letters of recommendation, a personal statement or essay, and proof of English proficiency (like TOEFL or IELTS scores). A compelling personal statement is vital, as it allows the applicant to articulate their motivations and demonstrate their suitability for the program. The deadlines for these applications are strict and can vary significantly between institutions and countries.

Once an offer of admission is received, the focus shifts to securing a student visa and preparing for departure. This is a logistical stage that involves a significant amount of paperwork. Students must provide evidence of their admission, financial stability to cover tuition and living expenses, and sometimes a medical examination. The visa application process can be lengthy, so it is imperative to begin it well in advance. Simultaneously, students should arrange for accommodation, travel tickets, and health insurance. Understanding the local culture and basic language phrases before departure can also ease the transition and prevent culture shock.

In conclusion, the path to studying abroad is a detailed and multi-layered one. Each step, from the initial research to the final preparations for travel, builds upon the last. Successfully navigating this process is not just about meeting academic requirements but also about demonstrating resourcefulness, foresight, and a genuine readiness to embrace a new environment.

 

HOTs Questions and Answers

6.        Based on the text, what is the most logical reason that a "compelling personal statement is vital" in the application process?

a. It replaces the need for academic transcripts.

b. It demonstrates the applicant's financial capability.

c. It serves as a tool for the applicant to show their unique personality and motivation.

d. It is a substitute for the letters of recommendation.

e. It proves the applicant's proficiency in the English language.

 

Jawaban    : c. It serves as a tool for the applicant to show their unique personality and motivation.

Penjelasan : Pertanyaan ini meminta Anda untuk menganalisis dan memahami tujuan dari sebuah personal statement. Teks menyatakan bahwa personal statement "allows the applicant to articulate their motivations and demonstrate their suitability." Ini menunjukkan bahwa tujuannya adalah untuk menonjolkan motivasi dan kesesuaian diri, yang merupakan aspek unik dari setiap pelamar. Pilihan lain tidak sesuai dengan deskripsi ini.

 

7.        A student has been accepted to a university abroad but fails to secure a student visa in time. Based on the text, what might be the most probable cause for this failure?

a. They did not have a compelling personal statement.

b. They failed to submit a letter of recommendation.

c. They began the visa application process too close to their departure date.

d. They chose a university that was too expensive.

e. They did not have a medical examination.

 

Jawaban    : c. They began the visa application process too close to their departure date.

Penjelasan : Ini adalah soal pemecahan masalah dan inferensi. Teks secara eksplisit menyatakan bahwa "The visa application process can be lengthy, so it is imperative to begin it well in advance." Oleh karena itu, penyebab yang paling mungkin dari kegagalan ini adalah kurangnya perencanaan waktu. Pilihan a dan b tidak relevan karena visa diajukan setelah penerimaan, dan pilihan d dan e adalah kemungkinan, tetapi pilihan c secara langsung merujuk pada saran waktu yang diberikan dalam teks.

 

8.        The text suggests that understanding "the local culture and basic language phrases" can ease the transition. What is the implied challenge that this advice is meant to address?

a. The difficulty of the academic curriculum.

b. The high cost of living in a new country.

c. The loneliness of being far from home.

d. The emotional stress of adapting to a new environment.

e. The complexity of the visa application process.

 

Jawaban    : d. The emotional stress of adapting to a new environment.

Penjelasan : Ini adalah soal pemahaman kontekstual. Frasa "ease the transition" dan "prevent culture shock" secara implisit merujuk pada tantangan emosional dan psikologis yang dihadapi saat beradaptasi dengan budaya baru. Pilihan lain adalah tantangan yang ada, tetapi tidak secara langsung ditangani oleh saran yang diberikan.

 

9.        How does the structure of the text contribute to the reader's understanding of the topic?

a. It presents the information chronologically, showing a clear cause-and-effect chain.

b. It lists the steps in no particular order, allowing the reader to choose their focus.

c. It compares studying abroad to other experiences, highlighting its uniqueness.

d. It focuses solely on the positive aspects of the process. e. It provides a simple, one-step guide to studying abroad.

 

Jawaban    : a. It presents the information chronologically, showing a clear cause-and-effect chain.

Penjelasan : Ini adalah soal analisis struktur teks. Teks dibagi menjadi tahap-tahap yang berurutan: penelitian dan seleksi, aplikasi, dan visa/persiapan keberangkatan. Struktur ini secara logis mengikuti urutan waktu yang diperlukan untuk proses tersebut, memungkinkan pembaca untuk memahami bahwa setiap langkah adalah prasyarat untuk langkah berikutnya.

 

10.    Based on the overall tone of the text, what is the author's primary purpose?

a. To discourage students from studying abroad due to the complexity.

b. To provide a simple recipe for studying abroad.

c. To inform and guide prospective students through the multi-stage process.

d. To persuade students that studying abroad is easy.

e. To criticize the difficult and lengthy application process.

 

Jawaban    : c. To inform and guide prospective students through the multi-stage process.

Penjelasan : Pertanyaan ini menguji pemahaman Anda tentang tujuan penulis. Teks menjelaskan setiap langkah dari proses secara detail dan memberikan saran yang bermanfaat, seperti "meticulous planning and preparation" dan "begin it well in advance." Tujuannya adalah untuk memberikan informasi dan panduan, bukan untuk menghakimi, menakut-nakuti, atau menyederhanakan prosesnya.

 

The Water Cycle

The water cycle is also known as the hydrological cycle. There is the same amount of water on the Earth now as there was when the Earth began.
The water cycle is how the earth's water recycles
itself.
The cycle includes precipitation, evaporation, condensation, and transpiration. Earth's water keeps changing from liquid water to vapour and then back again. This cycle happens because of the sun's heat and gravity.


Why is water important?
Many of us think water will always be there for us when we want it. Without water, living things would die. You will die if you go without water for more than a week. Plants will die without water and that would kill all of the animals that eat the plants.

How To Fly A Hot Air Balloon

A hot air balloon consists of a basket, four big gas tanks, a burner and the balloon or envelope’.

First, the pilot puts four nylon poles into sockets on top of the basket. Then she puts the burner on top of the poles. Next, she connects the cables to the burner frame. The cables also go under the basket in order to hold everything together.

After this, she connects the hoses from the full gas tanks to the burner so that she can test it.
Next, two people hold the mouth of the balloon open while it is filled with cold air from the fan until it is quite fat and tight.

Now for the difficult bit. The pilot lies on the ground, half in the basket. She turns on the gas burner and points the flame into the ‘mouth’ of the balloon. This is so that the balloon slowly stands up.

When the pilot is ready to go, she heats up the air in the balloon a bit more. This results in the air in the balloon to be hot enough to get the balloon to rise off the ground.

Making Organic Compost

To grow beautiful flower or tasty vegetables, gardeners often put compost in their soil. Compost is produced by allowing vegetable matter to decompose naturally.
How do you start?
First, the compost’s ingredients have to be collected. Any raw vegetable or plant material is suitable, including leaves grass, vegetable peelings and fruit cores. To introduce helpful bacteria into the compost, some garden soil is also mixed in.
Where do you put it?
Next, the compost mixture is put into a special composting bin, or piled up in the corner of the garden. The compost is left alone for many months while nature does its work.
What turns it into compost?
Microbes, such as bacteria and fungi, soon begin to rot the vegetable material. As a side-effect, natural warmth is produced in the compost. This, in turn, helps to speed up the process. Eventually, natural decomposition transforms the waste vegetable material into soft brown compost.
What is the compost used for?
Finally, gardeners either dig the compost into the soil or spread it on the surface. Compost replaces nutrients in the soil, because it contains nitrogen and other important elements.

The Effects Of Acid Soil

Soils with a pH of less than 7.0 are acid. The lower the pH, the more acid the soil. When soil pH falls below 5.5, plant growth is affected. Crop yields decrease, reducing productivity

Soils provide water and nutrients for plant growth and development. Essential plant nutrients include phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium and sulfur. Plants require other elements such as molybdenum, in smaller quantities. Some elements eg aluminium and manganese, are toxic to plants.

Nutrients become available to plants when they are dissolved in water. Plants are able to take up phosphate, nitrate, potassium and sulfate ions in solution.

The solubility of nitients changes with pH. In acid soils (low pH), molybdenum becomes less soluble and aluminium becomes more soluble. Therefore, plant growth may be affected by either a deficiency of molybdenum or too much aluminium.

Both crop and pasture plants are affected by acid soils. there may be a range of symptoms. Crops and pastures may be poorly established resulting in patchy and uneven growth. Plant leaves may go yellow and die at the tips. The root system of the plant may be stunted. Crops may yield less.

Plants vary in their sensitivity to low pH. Canola and lucerne are very sensitive to acid soils so do not grow well. Lupins and triticale are tolerant to soils of low pH so they still perform well.

Land can become unproductive if acid soil is left untreated. Incorporating lime into the soil raises the pH. Therefore, liming soil can reverse the effects of acid soil on plants and return a paddock to productivity.

How Chocolate is Made

Have we wondered how we get chocolate from? Well this time we will enter the amazing world of chocolate so we can understand exactly we are eating.

Chocolate starts a tree called cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in place such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a small pine apple. In side the fruits are the tree's seeds. They are also known as coco beans.

Next, the beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun. After that they are shipped to the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts by roasting the beans to bring out the flavour. Different beans from different places have different qualities and flavour. So they are often shorted and blended to produce a distinctive mix.

The next process is winnowing. The roasted beans are winnowed to remove the meat nib of the cacao bean from its shell. Then the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are ground to make it a liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter.

All seeds contain some amount of fat and cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why the ground nibs from liquid. It is pure bitter chocolate.

Photosynthesis Process

Photosynthesis is a Biochemical Process that occurs in plants, algae, and some bacteria, Creating the Atmospheric Oxygen and food that sustain the majority of life on Earth.


The process uses sunlight to convert water and Carbon Dioxide into Carbohydrates and Oxygen. It works into two stages : The Light Dependent Reaction and The light Independent Reaction. In Senior High School, generally known as Aerob Reaction and Anaerob Reaction.


The First stage is The Light Dependent Reaction. In this first step of Photoshnythesis, sunlight enters the first Photosystem and energizes the Chlorophyll.


The excited Chlorophyll splits water into Oxygen and Hydrogen. Meanwhile, the chlorophyll feeds electrons into a complex sequence of nearby molecules called the electron transport chain.

The freed Oxygen escapes into Athmosphere, While the freed Hydrogen is used later in The light Independent Reaction.

As electrons move along the electron transport chain, their energy make the molecule ATP, which is used by all known forms of life to fuel their cellular functions.

The electrons enter a second Photo system, get full energized by sunlight, and move along another electron transport chain to construct a molecule called NADP.

The second stage is The Light Independent Reaction. NADP combines with Hydrogen, which was freed earlier in The Light Dependent Reaction, to produce NADPH.

NADPH, ATP, and Choloroplast Enzyme called Rubisco, work together to create sugars and other Carbohydrates from Carbon Dioxide and Water in a Process called The Calvin Benson Cycle. It is a very complex reaction that Fixes Carbon from the Athmosphere forming The Foundation of Earth’s major food chains plants directly use sugar as their food, and many other organisms eat plants to gain their stored energy.

We can also conclude that Photosynthesis is how plants use light and water to make sugar and It is created in the green parts of a plant and every animal on earth depends on it. So, Without plants we would have no food to eat or oxygen to breath.

Why Summer Daylight is Longger than Winter Daylight

In the summer, the amount of daylight that we get is more than we get in winter. This is not because as much people think we are closer to the sun but because of the tilt of the earth.
The earth is actually closer to the sun in winter than it is in summer but you would be forgiven for thinking that this can not be true after looking out of your window on a cold and frosty morning.
It seems strange that as the earth get closer to the sun during its orbit then the amount of daylight that we get decrease. But that is the case. It is the tilt of the earth that determine the amount of daylight that we get and so the length of time that for us the sun is above the horizon.
(Taken from: www.ictteachers.co.uk)

Generic Structure Analysis
General statement; stating the phenomenon whic daylight in summer is longer than in winter.
Explanation; it is the tilt of the earth that determines the amount of daylight not the distance of the earth from the sun.
Language Feature Analysis
Focusing generic participant; daylight.
Using chronological connection; then, so, but.
Using pasive voice; you would be forgiven.
Using present tense; the earth is actually closer to the sun.

How Day and Night Happen

The sun seems to rise in the morning, crosses the sky during the day and sets at night. However the sun does not actually move around the earth. Earth's turning on its axis makes it look as if the sun is moves.
The earth makes a complete turn on its axis for 24 hours. It is called as rotation. It causes day and night. The earth also moves around the sun. It takes 365 days or a year. This process is called revolution. The revolution process causes the changes of the season

How Roman Roads were Built

The system of roads for mobility has been begun early decades. It was started since the Roman Empire conquered the world. The roads in Roman era were known as the best construction.
The Romans built roads are for the purpose of mobility, especially for the army. Having the best road, the army could march from one place to another. They built the roads as straight as possible, so that the army could take the shortest route.
It is interesting to know how the roads were built, which some of them are still in use today. First, the Romans builders would clear the ground of rocks and trees. Then they dug a trench where the road was to go and filled it with big stones. Next, they put in big stones, pebbles, cement and sand which they packed down to make a firm base. After that, they added another layer of cement mixed with broken tiles. On top of that rough construction, then they put paving stones to make the flat surface. These stones were cut so that they fitted together tightly. As the finishing touch, kerb stones were put at each sides of the road to hold in the paving stones. It was also used to make a channel for the water to run away.

Why Eiffel Tower was Built (New)

If we talk about the Wonders of the World buildings, then we will see Eiffel Tower as one of them. However many of us do not know the tower’s past history on why it was build. Everything has the reasonable background, especially for the tower which is to be one of the most recognized buildings in the world.
Primarily, the Eiffel Tower was built for the World Exhibition. It was called Paris Exposition in 1889. The exhibition was organized to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the French Revolution. The purpose of building Eiffel Tower in such structure was to show to the world France’s advancement of technology and beauty. The Eiffel Tower was designed by Gustave Eiffel. It seemed that then the name of the tower was derived from the designer’s last name, “Eiffel”
Another reason on why the tower was built was for scientific progress. Although few realized it, the Eiffel Tower would become the prominent structure in terms of science and technology. Many experiment with temperature, pressure and pendulums were performed atop the unique famous building. Additionally the Eiffel Tower was used for radio transmission tower. Many experiments were conducted atop the Eiffel Tower for radio transmission advancement. Once the Eiffel Tower was proposed to be demolished but it was spared because the tower had the promising future as a radio tower.

CANCER

What is cancer? It is actually a group of more than one hundred separate diseases. Most of us are fear from cancer It is reasonable because next to heart disease, cancer is the second leading cause of death.
Cancer cells come from normal cells because of mutations of DNA. Those mutations can occur spontaneously. The mutations may be also induced by other factors such as: nuclear and electromagnetic radiation, viruses, bacteria and fungi, parasites, heat, chemicals in the air, water and food, mechanical cell-level injury, free radicals, evolution and ageing of DNA, etc. All such factors can produce mutations that may start cancer.
Cancer cells are formed continuously in the organism. It is estimated that there are about 10,000 cancer cells at any given time in a healthy person. Why do some result in macroscopic-level cancers and some do not? First, not all damaged cells can multiply and many of them die quickly. Second, those which potentially divide and form cancer are effectively destroyed by the mechanisms available to the immune system. Therefore cancer develops if the immune system is not working properly or the amount of cells produced is too great for the immune system to eliminate.

Flying Kites

How a kite flies is best at giving example of Explanation text. This kind of text is composed to intendedly make clear explanation on how something is processed and why the thing is formed. Explanation text is one of the text types which is similar to Procedure. What makes superficially different is the way how they are structured.
In one side, Explanation text is structure in the mode of description. It focuses on the thing which is explained. In the other side, Procedure text is constructed in the mode of instruction and commend. That is why Procedure is sometimes called instruction text. It focuses on the second person to explain how to form the thing.
In my previous example of explanation text on Roman Roads was given to show how the explanation text gives clear note on "Why something is formed" To get clearer understanding of explanation text, now let's see another example of "How something is precessed/formed" which belongs to explanation text's social function. The example bellow is re-composed from Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.'s writing with fun. It really helps to make better understanding on explanation text.
How is a Kite Flying?
A kite is an object which is made from a light material stretched over a frame. Due to its light material a kite will lift off the ground and fly when it is tilted into the wind.
A kite is uses wind to make it fly because it is heavier than air. When wind travels over the surface of the kite, it is split into two streams of air. One stream of the air goes over the kite while the second stream goes under the kite.
The upper stream creates an area of low pressure above the kite. The lower stream hits the kite at a shallow angle and creates an area of high pressure.
The high pressure area has a pushing effect while the low pressure area has a pulling effect. The combination of push and pull can creates enough force to lift the kite into the air.
Kites have been known for thousand of years. They are used for military or scientific purposes. Todays kites are much used for leisure and competition.

From the above example of Explanation text, we can see that the text has the following generic structure:
General Statement; the introduction of the topic on with a brief definition on kites.
Sequenced Explanation; this is the main element of explanation text. It explain the important points of the kite. The explanation of how kites fly is given in order.

HOW FUEL WARNING LIGHT WORK

Many cars, motorcycles and other modern vehicles have fuel warning light devices. the warning light is usually red which switches on automatically when the level of fuel in the tank is very low. The warning light gives the driver information about the amount of petrol in the tank. When the light switches on red, it tells the driver that the petrol in the tank is almost empty. Therefore he have to put more fuel into the tank. However do you know how the fuel warning works?
Well this is the way the fuel warning light work and gives the driver information about the accurate amount of the petrol in the tank. When the level of the fuel falls, the float inside the tank moves downwards. When this condition happens, the arm also moves downwards and it make the lever touch an electrical contact. This switches on the fuel light in the car dashboard.
The red light which appears in the fuel panel of the dashboard tells the driver that he needs more petrol for his car. When he pours more petrol into the tank, this condition makes the fuel level rise and it pushes the float upwards. In return it disconnects to the electrical contact and makes the red light switch off.

Why is Bali Famous for Tourism Object?

One of the famous tourism spots in Indonesia is Bali island. Bali lays at the part east of Java. Thousand domestic and foreign tourists visit Bali each month. Do you know why Bali island is so famous?
A lot of tourists like fresh natural environment. If that what they want, Bali is the best choice to visit. Bali has beautiful landscape dominated with green luxurious terrace fields. Moreover Bali give fantastic view; beautiful sunrise in Sanur and fascinating sunset in Kuta beach.
Beside the beautiful beach and panorama, domestic and foreign tourists also enjoy the balinese local genius arts such as; dances, puras, and temples. Most of these objects are amazing.
Like many other tourism objects, Bali also provide souvenir center which they can take home. Most balinese people are artists. They spend their time to apply skill and imagination through painting, carving dancing.
What make them more exposed is that most of them are English speaking people. That is why Bali is well-known all over the world.

How Earthquakes Happen

Earthquake is one of the most destroying natural disasters. Unluckily it often happens in several regions. Recently a horrible earthquake has shaken West Sumatra. It has brought great damages. Why did it occur? Do you know how an earthquake happens?

Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault. This sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves. It make the ground shake. When two blocks of rock or two plates are rubbing against each other, they stick a little. They don't just slide smoothly. The rocks are still pushing against each other, but not moving. After a while, the rocks break because of all the pressure that's built up. When the rocks break, the earthquake occurs.

During the earthquake and afterward, the plates or blocks of rock start moving, and they continue to move until they get stuck again. The spot underground where the rock breaks is called the focus of the earthquake. The place right above the focus is called the epicenter of the earthquake.

How Do Seasons Happen?

Seasons come to us regularly. We have probably noticed that it gets warmer in summer or dry season while it get colder in the winter or wet season. However do we know how these seasons change?

Seasons happen and change every year. This happens because the earth tilts back and forth as it goes around the sun. During the summer, the earth tilts toward the sun. It makes half of the earth hotter. this condition is what we call summer. During the other half of the year, the earth tilts away from the sun. As a result, it makes that half of the earth cooler. This cool condition is then what we call winter.

The different parts of the world have the same season at different times. In the northern half of the world , winter happens during the months of December, January and February. The regions are such North America and Europe. In the other hand, the southern half of the world have winter during the months of June, July and August.The regions are like South America and Australia. How does this difference happen? The same season happens at different times because the top and bottom halves of the earth tilt away from the sun at different times.

How Cell Phones Work

A cell phone is a great gadget in this modern world. What is a cell phone? A cell phone is actually a radio in certain way. Like a radio, by a cell phone we can communicate to other people in real time. Million people use cell phone for their communication. Even nowadays, people use cell phones to communicate in voice, written and data. Alexander Graham Bell is the person who make great change in the way people communicate to each other. He invented a telephone in 1876. While wireless radio was formally known in 18994 presented by Guglielmo Marconi. By these two technologies, then a cell phone was born. However do you know how actually cell phones work?
This short explanation on how a cell phone work is really wonderful. A cell phone or in long term "cellular telephone' works by transmitting signals of radio to towers of cellular. The towers are networked to a central switching station. The connection usually uses wire, fiber optic-cables, or microwave.
Then the central switching station which handles calls in certain given area is directed connected to the wire-based telephone system. Cellulars are pick up by the towers and relayed to another cellular telephone user or the user of wire-based telephone network.
the towers vary in the capacity and capability to receive signals. Some can receive the signal from short distance and the others can receive more distance. However, there are usually more than one tower in certain given area so that the system can handle the increasing telephone traffic.

How Rain Happens

Explanation text in some way is similar to procedure text. Explanation passage often make description about how something happens or why the thing occures. While procedure text bring the instruction on how to make something happen completely. The following example of explanation text about how rain happen is best showing on what is explanation text, what is the purpose or social function of explanation text and how it differ from other text types. Explanation text often use technical terms related to the thing which is being explained. Explanation text is commonly compose in the mode of simple present tense.

How does Rain Happen?
Rain is the primary source of fresh water for most areas of the world, providing suitable conditions for diverse ecosystems, as well as water for hydroelectric power plants and crop irrigation.
The phenomenon of rain is actually a water circle. The concept of the water cycle involves the sun heating the Earth's surface water and causing the surface water to evaporate. The water vapor rises into the Earth's atmosphere. The water in the atmosphere cools and condenses into liquid droplets. The droplets grow until they are heavy and fall to the earth as precipitation which can be in the form of rain or snow.
However, not all rain reaches the surface. Some evaporates while falling through dry air. This is called virga, a phenomenon which is often seen in hot, dry desert regions.

Venus Eclipse

How Venus eclipse happens is best given to an example of explanation texts. Explanation text is compose to describe how something forms and why something exists and happens.
What is an explanation text and how is the explanation text composed? Explanation text is structured by the generic level of general statement and followed with sequenced explanation. To have clear understanding on the explanation text, let's see the following example of explanation text!

How Venus Eclipse Happens
On May 16, 2010, people in most regions in the world have seen a very rare natural phenomenon. It was Venus eclipse. It was very rare amazing natural event. It was reported that the Venus eclipse will seen again in the future in 2050. Do you know how this rare Venus eclipse happens?
Well, actually Venus eclipse is like Sun eclipse. Venus eclipses occurs when the position of the earth, moon and Venus is parallel. Venus planet will slowly disappear for a moment because it is covered the surface of the Moon. Venus planet seems to move to the back side of the Moon.
The moon and planets are sharing a similar apparent path in the sky. That is why, it is not unusual for the moon to appear to pass close to Venus. In fact, the moon appears somewhere near it about once a month. However, most people don’t see these events because they are visible in the evening sky only half the time, and then only for a short period after sunset. The apparent closeness varies from month to month as well.
Note: This example of explanation text about how Venus eclipse happens is arranged from beranda-jiwa.info and earthsky.org