Dalam Bahasa Inggris banyak kata sifat (adjective) yang dibentuk dengan menambahkan imbuhan di belakang atau di awal kata.
• ENDING Y
Wind + y : windy : berangin
Sun + y : sunny : cerah
Sand + y : sandy : berpasir
Cloud + y : cloudy : berawan, mendung
• ENDING ED
Interest + ed : interested : tertarik
Bore + ed : bored : bosan
Tire + ed : tired : lelah, capai
• ENDING ING
Interest + ing : interesting : menarik
Bore + ing : boring : membosankan
Tire + ing : tiring : melelahkan
• ENDING ISH
White + ish : whitish : keputih-putihan
Yellow + ish : yellowish : kekuning-kuningan
Red + ish : reddish : kemerah-merahan
• ENDING FULL
Beauty + ful : beautiful : cantik, indah, bagus
Care + ful : careful : hati-hati, cermat, teliti
Help + ful : helpful : baik hati, suka menolong
• ENDING LESS
Shame + less : shameless : tidak tahu malu
Care + less : careless : ceroboh
Showing posts with label Grammar. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Grammar. Show all posts
Sunday, February 27, 2011
DIRECT SPEECH AND REPORTED SPEECH
Dalam bahasa Indonesia Direct Speech disebut sebagai Kalimat Langsung sedangkan Reported Speech disebut sebagai Kalimat Tidak Langsung.
Examples :
1. Direct : ”Rudi is a scientist”, Rony says.
Reported : Rony said that Rudi was a scientist.
2. Direct : ”I am a scientist”, Rony says.
Reported : Rony said that he was a scientist.
3. Direct : ”The building is broken”, Ely said.
Reported : Ely said that the building was broken.
4. Direct : ”Are you tired ?”, Shelley asks.
Reported : Shelley asked me if I was tired.
5. Direct : ”Are you tired ?”, Shelley asked.
Reported : Shelley asked me if I was tired.
Examples :
1. Direct : ”Rudi is a scientist”, Rony says.
Reported : Rony said that Rudi was a scientist.
2. Direct : ”I am a scientist”, Rony says.
Reported : Rony said that he was a scientist.
3. Direct : ”The building is broken”, Ely said.
Reported : Ely said that the building was broken.
4. Direct : ”Are you tired ?”, Shelley asks.
Reported : Shelley asked me if I was tired.
5. Direct : ”Are you tired ?”, Shelley asked.
Reported : Shelley asked me if I was tired.
CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
Dalam bahasa Indonesia Conditional sentence disebut sebagai Kalimat Pengandaian.
a. Conditional Sentence Type 1 :
Conditional Sentence menunjukkan bahwa sesuatu akan terjadi di waktu yang akan datang (Future) apabila suatu keadaan terjadi di waktu sekarang (Present). Atau sebaliknya apabila suatu keadaan terjadi di waktu sekarang (Present) maka sesuatu akan terjadi di waktu yang akan datang (Future).
Format : ada 2 alternatif
Alternatif 1 :
main clause (Present Future) + if clause (Simple Present)
Contoh :
I will go to Bandung if my mother gives me some money
Alternatif 2 :
if clause (Simple Present) + main clause (Present Future)
Contoh :
If my mother gives me some money I will go to Bandung
b. Conditional Sentence Type 2 :
Sangat berbeda dengan Conditional Sentence type 1.
Conditional Sentence type 2 menunjukkan kepada kita suatu hal yang sifatnya controversial di waktu present / future
Format : ada 2 alternatif
Alternatif 1 :
main clause (Past Future) + if clause (Simple Past)
Contoh :
My teacher would not punish me if I did the homework
Alternatif 2 :
if clause (Simple Past) + main clause (Past Future)
Contoh :
if I did the homework my teacher would not punish me
a. Conditional Sentence Type 1 :
Conditional Sentence menunjukkan bahwa sesuatu akan terjadi di waktu yang akan datang (Future) apabila suatu keadaan terjadi di waktu sekarang (Present). Atau sebaliknya apabila suatu keadaan terjadi di waktu sekarang (Present) maka sesuatu akan terjadi di waktu yang akan datang (Future).
Format : ada 2 alternatif
Alternatif 1 :
main clause (Present Future) + if clause (Simple Present)
Contoh :
I will go to Bandung if my mother gives me some money
Alternatif 2 :
if clause (Simple Present) + main clause (Present Future)
Contoh :
If my mother gives me some money I will go to Bandung
b. Conditional Sentence Type 2 :
Sangat berbeda dengan Conditional Sentence type 1.
Conditional Sentence type 2 menunjukkan kepada kita suatu hal yang sifatnya controversial di waktu present / future
Format : ada 2 alternatif
Alternatif 1 :
main clause (Past Future) + if clause (Simple Past)
Contoh :
My teacher would not punish me if I did the homework
Alternatif 2 :
if clause (Simple Past) + main clause (Past Future)
Contoh :
if I did the homework my teacher would not punish me
ELLIPTICAL SENTENCE
Untuk menyatakan setuju terhadap suatu pernyataan dalam kalimat positive, kita bisa menggunakan bentuk kalimat :
a. Subject + Auxiliary Verbs + too
Example :
1. She is going to the office, and I am too.
2. They went out yesterday, and I did too.
b. So + Auxiliary Verbs + Subject
Example :
1. She is going to the office, and so am I.
2. They went out yesterday, and so did I.
Untuk menyatakan setuju terhadap suatu pernyataan dalam kalimat negative, kita bisa menggunakan bentuk kalimat :
a. Subject + Auxiliary Verbs + not + either
Example :
1. The headmaster doesn’t need me, and you don’t either.
2. He didn’t go to school, and I didn’t either.
b. Neither + Auxiliary Verbs + Subject
Example :
1. The headmaster doesn’t need me, and neither do you.
2. He didn’t go to school, and neither did I.
c. Nor + Auxiliary Verbs + Subject
Example :
1. The headmaster doesn’t need me, and nor do you.
2. He didn’t go to school, and nor did I.
a. Subject + Auxiliary Verbs + too
Example :
1. She is going to the office, and I am too.
2. They went out yesterday, and I did too.
b. So + Auxiliary Verbs + Subject
Example :
1. She is going to the office, and so am I.
2. They went out yesterday, and so did I.
Untuk menyatakan setuju terhadap suatu pernyataan dalam kalimat negative, kita bisa menggunakan bentuk kalimat :
a. Subject + Auxiliary Verbs + not + either
Example :
1. The headmaster doesn’t need me, and you don’t either.
2. He didn’t go to school, and I didn’t either.
b. Neither + Auxiliary Verbs + Subject
Example :
1. The headmaster doesn’t need me, and neither do you.
2. He didn’t go to school, and neither did I.
c. Nor + Auxiliary Verbs + Subject
Example :
1. The headmaster doesn’t need me, and nor do you.
2. He didn’t go to school, and nor did I.
PARALLEL SENTENCE
not only ... but also ...
Example 1 :
Jakarta suffers from air pollution. It suffers from water pollution.
Jakarta suffers not only from air pollution but also from water pollution.
Example 2 :
You will see the Ramayana ballet. You may talk to the dancers.
You not only will see the Ramayana ballet but also may talk to the dancers.
Example 3 :
You will see the Ramayana ballet. You will talk to the dancers.
You will not only see the Ramayana ballet but also talk to the dancers.
Example 4 :
You may talk to the dancers. You may talk to the manager.
You may talk not only to the dancers but also to the manager.
both ... and ...
Example 1 :
Rony is a soccer player. Deny is a soccer player.
Both Rony and Deny are soccer players.
Example 2 :
She wants to eat apples. She wants to eat oranges.
She wants to eat both apples and oranges.
either ... or ...
Example :
At this hotel we can get free breakfast, or we can get free supper.
At this hotel we can either get free breakfast, or free supper.
neither ... nor
Example 1 :
Yesterday the weather was not good. Was it bad ?
Yesterday the weather was neither good nor bad.
Example 2 :
It is not sunny. It is not cloudy either.
It is neither sunny nor cloudy.
Example 1 :
Jakarta suffers from air pollution. It suffers from water pollution.
Jakarta suffers not only from air pollution but also from water pollution.
Example 2 :
You will see the Ramayana ballet. You may talk to the dancers.
You not only will see the Ramayana ballet but also may talk to the dancers.
Example 3 :
You will see the Ramayana ballet. You will talk to the dancers.
You will not only see the Ramayana ballet but also talk to the dancers.
Example 4 :
You may talk to the dancers. You may talk to the manager.
You may talk not only to the dancers but also to the manager.
both ... and ...
Example 1 :
Rony is a soccer player. Deny is a soccer player.
Both Rony and Deny are soccer players.
Example 2 :
She wants to eat apples. She wants to eat oranges.
She wants to eat both apples and oranges.
either ... or ...
Example :
At this hotel we can get free breakfast, or we can get free supper.
At this hotel we can either get free breakfast, or free supper.
neither ... nor
Example 1 :
Yesterday the weather was not good. Was it bad ?
Yesterday the weather was neither good nor bad.
Example 2 :
It is not sunny. It is not cloudy either.
It is neither sunny nor cloudy.
Spelling ( Mengeja Huruf )
Song :
A B C D E F G
ei bi si di i: ef dji
H I J K L M N O P
ich ai djei ki el em en ou pi
Q R S T U and V
kyu a:(r) es ti yu end vi
W X Y and Z
dablyu eks wai end zet
Happy-happy shall we be, when we learn our ABC
When … we … learn … our … A … B … C …
Exercises
Task 1 ( speaking ): spell these words !
1. Coconut
2. Handkerchief
3. Banyan
4. Power Ranger
5. Television
6. No Parking
7. Fried Chicken
8. Jealous
9. Earthquake
10. Extraordinary
A B C D E F G
ei bi si di i: ef dji
H I J K L M N O P
ich ai djei ki el em en ou pi
Q R S T U and V
kyu a:(r) es ti yu end vi
W X Y and Z
dablyu eks wai end zet
Happy-happy shall we be, when we learn our ABC
When … we … learn … our … A … B … C …
Exercises
Task 1 ( speaking ): spell these words !
1. Coconut
2. Handkerchief
3. Banyan
4. Power Ranger
5. Television
6. No Parking
7. Fried Chicken
8. Jealous
9. Earthquake
10. Extraordinary
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